ALL OF THESE MEN AND WOMEN ARE IMPERSONATING PUBLIC OFFICIALS,
ARE TECHNICALLY FOREIGN AGENTS, AND ARE IN DIRECT VIOLATION OF
The Constitution for The United States Of America.
The Oaths of Office for all of these Public Officials are DE FACTO. ALL OF THEM.
Why?
Because their Oaths of Office filed with the Elections Division at the Florida
Department of State — and in the case of Federal Judges, administered under Title 28 —
are NOT DE JURE OATHS PER 1 STAT 23.
These men and women all work for a CORPORATION.
Not a Constitutional Government. A collection of
CORPORATIONS PRETENDING TO BE GOVERNMENT.
Anyone ACTING under their perceived authority are effectively trained monkeys.
In 2005 he wrote: "No judicial decision is legitimate unless justified by reference to [constitutional] sources of authority." He is now a defendant in a case asking exactly that.
See the record →
Carlos G. Muñiz
In 2005 he wrote: "No judicial decision is legitimate unless justified by reference to [constitutional] sources of authority." He is now a defendant in a case asking exactly that.
RoleChief Justice · Florida Supreme Court
FindingNamed federal defendant. Oct 4, 2024: terminated White, assigned Isenhower — same filing timestamp as dismissal. FRS $351K disclosed.
What these mean
Oath — sworn to corporate entities in addition to the Constitution.
Impersonating Sheriff · Orange County, Florida · Florida
By what authority?
OCSO told requestor: "Sheriff not required to fill out Oath of Office." SOS simultaneously held two certified copies. Request #24-10020 closed as complete after producing a blank deputy template.
See the record →
John W. Mina
OCSO told requestor: "Sheriff not required to fill out Oath of Office." SOS simultaneously held two certified copies. Request #24-10020 closed as complete after producing a blank deputy template.
RoleSheriff · Orange County, Florida
Oath StatusDe facto · Art. II §5(b) — "Constitution and Government of the United States." Two oaths: 2019, 2020. OCSO denied oath exists. SOS certified both.
Bond$2,000 · Liberty Mutual surety · Obligee: Governor of FL, not the People · Commission approval: blank · Deputies: unbonded · Bond NOT signed by County Commissioners — not approved.
What these mean
Oath — sworn to corporate entities in addition to the Constitution.
Impersonating Sheriff · Seminole County, Florida · Florida
By what authority?
Nationwide Deferred Compensation present in every disclosure 2016–2025. No FRS pension disclosed — deferred comp is the retirement vehicle. Deputies sworn under his authority operate in the same jurisdictional framework as all 18th Circuit proceedings.
See the record →
Dennis M. Lemma
Nationwide Deferred Compensation present in every disclosure 2016–2025. No FRS pension disclosed — deferred comp is the retirement vehicle. Deputies sworn under his authority operate in the same jurisdictional framework as all 18th Circuit proceedings.
RoleSheriff · Seminole County, Florida
Oath StatusDe facto oath on file — no de jure (1 Stat. 23-compliant) oath located. Oath binds to "Government of the United States" (EIN 52-0645030), not to the Constitution itself.
Net Worth (2025)$404,860 — up from $167,772 in 2016
Income (2025)$224,775 · Seminole County Sheriff's Office
⚠ Documented — Florida Statute § 30.09 · No Deputies Bonded in Either CountyLemma: Not Bonded · Mina: $2,000 / Governor obligee · All Deputies in Both Counties: Not BondedFla. Stat. § 30.09 ↗
Seminole County Sheriff
Dennis M. Lemma
✗ Sheriff — Not Bonded ✗ All Deputies — Not Bonded
The Seminole County Sheriff's Office confirmed in writing that it holds no surety bonds of any kind —
not for the Sheriff himself, not for any deputy. Liability insurance was substituted,
which is not a legal equivalent under § 30.09.
"The Seminole County Sheriff's Office does not have surety bonds." — Christy Peters, Human Resource Manager · Aug. 18, 2023
⚠ Sheriff — Bond: $2,000 (nominal) ✗ All Deputies — Not Bonded
Bond #404231527 · Ohio Casualty Insurance (Liberty Mutual) · signed Jan 19, 2024
Amount: $2,000
Obligee: Governor of the State of Florida — not the People, not Orange County
Commission approval block: blank — no date, no chairman signature
Condition: faithful performance "as provided by law" — no constitutional reference
Deputy coverage: none
A $2,000 bond for a sheriff commanding 1,000+ sworn officers managing hundreds of millions in public funds is functionally meaningless as public protection. The bond runs to the executive branch, not to injured citizens. The county commission approval — required by § 30.02 — was never recorded on the instrument.
"Whoever, being engaged in any piratical cruise or enterprise… lands from such vessel and commits robbery on shore, is a pirate, and shall be imprisoned for life."
Courts operating under admiralty jurisdiction whose unbonded, un-oathed officers
seize property, levy fines, and enforce judgments against citizens
are committing robbery on shore — a piratical enterprise
that has landed from the admiralty sea and operates against the People under color of law.
Primary Source · Documented ExchangeOrange County Sheriff's Office · Public Records Request #24-10020
A public records request was submitted to the Orange County Sheriff's Office Records Division for Sheriff John W. Mina's personal oath of office. The following exchange is documented in the OCSO's own records management system (NextRequest, request #24-10020). The Florida Secretary of State simultaneously held two certified copies of Mina's oath — dated January 14, 2019 and December 8, 2020.
1
OCSO Response — 11:40 AM
Records Division, on the authority of the Human Resources Section, states:
"The Sheriff is not required to fill out an Oath of Office. I will request the bond for you."
2
Requestor Reply — 9:03 AM
"What was sent to me was a TEMPLATE used by the Sheriff to APPOINT Deputy Sheriffs. I did not receive an Oath of Office for the Orange County Sheriff. Please send me a current copy of the Oath of Office for the Sheriff."
3
OCSO Response (second message)
"You have been advised that the Sheriff is not required to sign an Oath of Office, per our Human Resources Section. We are not required to answer questions. We are required to provide records."
The non-legal HR Section is invoked as authority for a constitutional interpretation. The claim that the Sheriff has no oath obligation contradicts Art. II §5(b), Fla. Const.
4
OCSO Response (third message)
"The Oath of Office has been addressed. We are not required to create records. As previously stated, I will send you the bond once I receive it."
"The Oath of Office has been addressed" by denying it exists — not by producing it. No record was created. The oath was not produced.
5
OCSO Closure
"At this time, the Orange County Sheriff's Office has provided all records responsive to your request. This request's status will now be changed to closed."
Request closed as complete. Document produced: a blank deputy appointment template bearing Mina's signature as appointing authority — not the Sheriff's personal oath of office.
Resolution — Florida Secretary of State
A separate request to the Florida Secretary of State, Division of Elections produced two certified copies of Mina's oath of office — signed January 14, 2019 and December 8, 2020, certified April 29, 2024 by Secretary Cord Byrd under the Great Seal of Florida. Both oaths use the Art. II §5(b) formula: "support, protect, and defend the Constitution and Government of the United States and of the State of Florida" — the de facto oath language documented throughout this site. The OCSO simultaneously claimed the oath does not exist and that the Sheriff has no obligation to take one. The Secretary of State's certified record contradicts both claims.
State Attorney · 18th Judicial Circuit, Florida · Florida
By what authority?
State Attorney for the 18th Judicial Circuit. His oath — like all Florida state oaths — is filed under Art. II §5(b), not the 1 Stat. 23 standard. Form 6 disclosure available at disclosure.floridaethics.gov.
See the record →
William Scheiner
State Attorney for the 18th Judicial Circuit. His oath — like all Florida state oaths — is filed under Art. II §5(b), not the 1 Stat. 23 standard. Form 6 disclosure available at disclosure.floridaethics.gov.
RoleState Attorney · 18th Judicial Circuit, Florida · Elected Nov 2024, succeeded Phil Archer
Oath StatusOath filed under Art. II §5(b) — not 1 Stat. 23 compliant. State Attorney, 18th Judicial Circuit (elected 2024, succeeded Phil Archer).
In addition to the judicial officers and state officials above, the People's Writ of Quo Warranto
was formally served via USPS Certified Mail upon two state oversight entities with jurisdiction
over the Florida judiciary: the Florida House of Representatives Judiciary Committee
and the Office of the State Courts Administrator.
Each member below received a copy of the Writ in their official capacity.
🔴 Primary Source Evidence · Florida Department of State · Official Correspondence
Florida Attorney General's Office: Four Assistant Attorneys General — No Oath on File
The Florida Department of State — the constitutional custodian of official oaths for statewide officers —
has confirmed in writing that it cannot locate certified oaths of office
for at least four officials serving in the Florida Attorney General's office.
One of them is the Senior Assistant Attorney General.
A fourth — Lydon William Schultz — appeared in both the state circuit court civil case and the federal case defending the named judges, and has no oath on file.
These are not informal discrepancies. They are official government admissions, on state letterhead,
signed by the Office of the General Counsel.
The Legal Requirement — What Florida Law Mandates
Art. II §5(b), Florida Constitution
All state officers must take the prescribed oath of office before assuming their duties. This is not discretionary — it is a constitutional prerequisite to holding lawful authority.
Florida Statutes §27.181 — Assistant State Attorneys
Assistant state attorneys must subscribe to a written oath, have it recorded with the Clerk of Circuit Court, and the State Attorney must promptly transmit certified copies to the Secretary of State.
Fla. Stat. §27.181 ↗
The result of non-compliance: Under Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425 (1886),
an officer who has not taken a valid, properly-filed oath holds no lawful authority. Every act taken under that authority is void ab initio — as if it never occurred. The AG Circular No. 3591 (1941) further establishes that officers who use color of law without valid commission are subject to federal criminal liability under 18 U.S.C. §242.
Three Confirmed Cases — Official Government Responses
Case 1 · December 4, 2024
Juliana Eve Tirado
Assistant Attorney General · Florida AG's Office
"The Department of State has been unable to locate records responsive to your request for a Certified Copy of the Oath of Office for Assistant Attorney General Juliana Eve Tirado."
— Office of the General Counsel, Florida Department of State · Dec. 4, 2024
Case 2 · April 4, 2024
Hastings Jones
⭐ Senior Assistant Attorney General
"The Department has been unable to find records responsive to your request for a certified copy of the Oath of Office for Assistant Attorney General Hastings Jones."
— Office of the General Counsel, Florida Department of State · Apr. 4, 2024
Case 3 · October 29, 2024 + Email Confirmation
Jessica Lee Schwieterman
Florida Attorney General's Office
"The Department has been unable to locate records responsive to your request for a Certified copy of The Oaths of Office for Jessica Schwieterman."
Confirmed independently by email from [email protected]: "The Department of State has been unable to locate records responsive to your request for a Certified Copy of the Oaths of Office for Jessica Schwieterman."
— Office of the General Counsel, Florida Department of State · Oct. 29, 2024 + email confirmation
Case 4 · March 21, 2024
Lydon William Schultz
Assistant Attorney General · Florida AG's Office · Civil Litigation Central
"The Department has found no responsive records for your request for a Certified copy of the Oath of Office for Assistant State Attorney Lydon William Schultz."
— Office of the General Counsel, Florida Department of State · March 21, 2024
⚠ Direct Federal Case Connection
Schultz filed the state court motion to dismiss in Pantle v. Dekleva on behalf of AG Ashley Moody — the filing in which the AG's office invoked the de facto doctrine to defend an oath-deficient judge. His name appears on the copies list of Judge Rebecca White's recusal order, confirming he was embedded in the state civil case from the second-judge stage. He filed under Bar No. 126615. He had no oath on file at the time of any of these filings.
⚠ Why This Is a Critical Violation — Not a Paperwork Error
These are not low-level administrative employees. Assistant Attorneys General appear in court on behalf of the State of Florida. They file motions. They issue legal opinions. They prosecute and defend matters affecting every Florida citizen. If they have no valid, filed oath, every action they have ever taken in that capacity is void.
The Senior AAG — Hastings Jones — operates at the highest non-elected level of the AG's office, with authority over subordinate attorneys and prosecutorial decisions. No oath on file means no lawful authority to exercise that power.
The Florida Department of State, under the signatures of Governor Ron DeSantis and Secretary of State Cord Byrd, issued these responses on official state letterhead. This is not a claim by a private researcher — it is the official custodian of state records confirming that the required records do not exist.
Under AG Circular No. 3591 and 18 U.S.C. §242, officers who use the color of their authority without a valid commission may be subject to federal criminal prosecution. The Clearfield Doctrine further establishes that without a lawful commission, any compulsion they exercise — court orders, legal demands, prosecutions — carries no constitutional force.
The Federal Case — Oath-Deficient Lawyers Defending Oath-Deficient Judges
In Pantle v. Crawford et al., Case No. 6:24-cv-01591-CEM-LHP (M.D. Fla.), three of these four AAGs — Tirado, Schwieterman, and Schultz — appeared as counsel defending four judicial officers whose oaths are challenged as non-compliant with 1 Stat. 23. The lawyers defending the oath challenge had no valid oaths themselves. Schultz filed the state court motion to dismiss in which the AG's office invoked the de facto doctrine to defend a judge's defective oath — while Schultz himself was operating without a filed oath. The constitutional defect was on both sides of every filing.
Pattern Recognition
These four confirmed oath failures at the state AG level closely mirror the pattern documented by the Greg Reese report for the federal cabinet — where agency after agency returned the same confirmation: oaths nonexistent, incomplete, or not on file.
This is not a series of isolated administrative oversights. It is a documented, cross-jurisdictional pattern in which the officials who are most empowered to prosecute violations of law are themselves operating without the constitutional credentials required to exercise that power lawfully.
Every legal demand, court filing, and official action taken by these individuals without a valid oath is, under established constitutional doctrine, void from its inception.
Florida State Attorneys — Oath Requirements & Failures
All 20 Circuits · Constitutional Mandate · Public Records
Florida has 20 State Attorneys — one elected for each of the state's 20
judicial circuits — along with hundreds of appointed Assistant State Attorneys beneath them.
Every single one is required by Florida law to have a valid, notarized Oath of Office on file.
In practice, requesting these oaths reveals a consistent pattern: oaths filed at the county level
that are de facto, oaths never transmitted to the Secretary of State as required, or oaths
missing altogether.
Elected State Attorneys
Constitutional & Statutory Requirements
Constitutional Mandate:Article II, Section 5(b)
of the Florida Constitution requires every state officer — which includes all 20 elected State Attorneys — to take an official oath before entering upon the duties of their office.
Filing with Secretary of State:
The completed, notarized oath must be filed with the Florida Department of State — the same office that holds the certified oaths for the 44 judges named in the People's Writ.
This is a public record obtainable by any Florida citizen.
What to request:
Submit a public records request to the Florida Division of Elections
for the certified oath of any elected State Attorney by name and circuit.
Assistant State Attorneys
Statutory Requirements — § 27.181
Statutory Mandate:
Under Section 27.181, Florida Statutes,
every appointed Assistant State Attorney must subscribe to a written oath to faithfully perform their duties.
Initial Filing:
The oath must first be recorded in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court
in the county where the State Attorney's office is located.
Certified Copy to Secretary of State:
Once recorded at the county level, the appointing State Attorney is required to
promptly transmit a certified copy to the Florida Secretary of State.
This step is frequently skipped or delayed.
Common failures discovered:
Oath filed only at county level with no copy sent to Tallahassee; oath filed at county level but containing de facto language rather than 1 Stat. 23 language; oath missing entirely from both records.
⚠ The Chain of Tainted Authority
If the elected State Attorney's oath is de facto, every Assistant State Attorney
appointed beneath that State Attorney derives their authority from a tainted source.
Every prosecution brought, every charging decision made, every plea agreement reached by
an Assistant State Attorney operating under this chain of de facto authority is
constitutionally compromised. The People have never consented to be prosecuted by
individuals who lack lawful authority.
Florida's 20 Judicial Circuits — All State Attorneys Subject to Oath Scrutiny
Each circuit below has an elected State Attorney whose certified oath is a public record
obtainable from the Florida Division of Elections. The 18th Circuit — where the People's
Writ was served — is highlighted. Phil Archer (18th Circuit) has a certified oath on
file (see card above); he retired in January 2025 and was succeeded by William Scheiner.
Note: Three circuits changed hands in the November 2024 election — 9th (Monique Worrell),
15th (Alexcia Cox), and 18th (William Scheiner) — and are updated accordingly below.
📋 How to Request a State Attorney's Oath
Submit a public records request to the
Florida Department of State — Division of Elections
requesting the certified Oath of Office for any named State Attorney by circuit.
For Assistant State Attorneys, request the record from both the circuit court clerk's office
(where it is initially filed) and the Division of Elections (where the certified copy
must be transmitted). A discrepancy between the two — or the absence of a copy in Tallahassee
— is itself a violation of § 27.181.
Once you have obtained a certified copy, submit it to the
National Oath Repository to add it to the public record.
The Federal Judiciary — Title 28 De Facto Oaths
28 U.S.C. § 453 · Not 1 Stat. 23 · FOIA Exempt
The oath fraud does not stop at the state line. Federal judges operating in Florida —
and across the entire United States — take an oath prescribed by
28 U.S.C. § 453, enacted in 1948 and amended in 1990.
This oath is fundamentally different from the constitutionally required
1 Stat. 23 oath, and the court's own website makes this plain for all to see.
The Oath Discrepancy — Side by Side
The court's own website at
flmd.uscourts.gov/about-judges
publicly displays the Title 28 oath. Compare it to what 1 Stat. 23 requires:
✓ De Jure — 1 Stat. 23 · June 1, 1789 — Constitutionally Required
"I, A.B. do solemnly swear or affirm (as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States."
✗ Title 28 — 28 U.S.C. § 453 — What Federal Judges Actually Take
"I, ___, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as ___ under the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God."
⚖ Critical Analysis — What Is Missing
The 1 Stat. 23 oath contains one unambiguous obligation:
"I will support the Constitution of the United States."
The Title 28 oath never says this. It pledges to discharge duties "under the
Constitution and laws of the United States" — which includes every federal statute,
regulation, and corporate code, regardless of whether those laws are themselves constitutional.
Furthermore, the 1990 amendment (Pub. L. 101-650) substituted "under the Constitution"
for the original phrase "agreeably to the Constitution" — further diluting the
constitutional character of the oath. The 1 Stat. 23 language has never been incorporated
into the federal judicial oath at any point in history.
⚠ Federal Judiciary — Not Subject to FOIA
The Federal Judiciary is exempt from the Freedom of Information Act.
FOIA (5 U.S.C. § 552) applies only to agencies of the executive branch.
The federal courts — as a co-equal, independent Article III branch of government —
are not executive agencies and are therefore explicitly outside FOIA's reach.
Unlike Florida state officials whose certified oaths can be obtained through public
records requests to the Division of Elections,
a citizen cannot compel a federal court to produce a judge's signed oath through
any FOIA or open records process. Federal judicial oaths exist (or do not exist)
entirely within the internal records of the federal court system, which the judiciary
controls and discloses at its own discretion. The court's website displays the
form of the oath — but no individually signed, certified, or notarized oath
documents for any judge.
The Federal Judiciary has effectively made itself accountable to no one
on the question of oath compliance.
Submit a public records request to the
Florida Department of State — Division of Elections
requesting the certified Oath of Office for any named State Attorney by circuit.
For Assistant State Attorneys, request the record from both the circuit court clerk's office
(where it is initially filed) and the Division of Elections (where the certified copy
must be transmitted). A discrepancy between the two — or the absence of a copy in Tallahassee
— is itself a violation of § 27.181.
Once you have obtained a certified copy, submit it to the
National Oath Repository to add it to the public record.
The Federal Judiciary — Title 28 De Facto Oaths
28 U.S.C. § 453 · Not 1 Stat. 23 · FOIA Exempt
The oath fraud does not stop at the state line. Federal judges operating in Florida —
and across the entire United States — take an oath prescribed by
28 U.S.C. § 453, enacted in 1948 and amended in 1990.
This oath is fundamentally different from the constitutionally required
1 Stat. 23 oath, and the court's own website makes this plain for all to see.
The Oath Discrepancy — Side by Side
The court's own website at
flmd.uscourts.gov/about-judges
publicly displays the Title 28 oath. Compare it to what 1 Stat. 23 requires:
✓ De Jure — 1 Stat. 23 · June 1, 1789 — Constitutionally Required
"I, A.B. do solemnly swear or affirm (as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States."
✗ Title 28 — 28 U.S.C. § 453 — What Federal Judges Actually Take
"I, ___, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as ___ under the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God."
⚖ Critical Analysis — What Is Missing
The 1 Stat. 23 oath contains one unambiguous obligation:
"I will support the Constitution of the United States."
The Title 28 oath never says this. It pledges to discharge duties "under the
Constitution and laws of the United States" — which includes every federal statute,
regulation, and corporate code, regardless of whether those laws are themselves constitutional.
Furthermore, the 1990 amendment (Pub. L. 101-650) substituted "under the Constitution"
for the original phrase "agreeably to the Constitution" — further diluting the
constitutional character of the oath. The 1 Stat. 23 language has never been incorporated
into the federal judicial oath at any point in history.
⚠ Federal Judiciary — Not Subject to FOIA
The Federal Judiciary is exempt from the Freedom of Information Act.
FOIA (5 U.S.C. § 552) applies only to agencies of the executive branch.
The federal courts — as a co-equal, independent Article III branch of government —
are not executive agencies and are therefore explicitly outside FOIA's reach.
Unlike Florida state officials whose certified oaths can be obtained through public
records requests to the Division of Elections,
a citizen cannot compel a federal court to produce a judge's signed oath through
any FOIA or open records process. Federal judicial oaths exist (or do not exist)
entirely within the internal records of the federal court system, which the judiciary
controls and discloses at its own discretion. The court's website displays the
form of the oath — but no individually signed, certified, or notarized oath
documents for any judge.
The Federal Judiciary has effectively made itself accountable to no one
on the question of oath compliance.
Federal Officials — Middle District of Florida, Orlando Division
CE
Carlos E. Mendoza
District Judge · U.S. District Court · Middle District of Florida · Federal Judiciary
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Carlos E. Mendoza
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleDistrict Judge · U.S. District Court · Middle District of Florida
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
U.S. Magistrate Judge · Middle District of Florida · Orlando Division · Federal Judiciary
By what authority?
Consent was refused in writing on Day 1. She proceeded anyway. Under Elliot v. Piersol (1828), those who act without authority are trespassers in law.
See the record →
Leslie Hoffman Price
Consent was refused in writing on Day 1. She proceeded anyway. Under Elliot v. Piersol (1828), those who act without authority are trespassers in law.
RoleU.S. Magistrate Judge · M.D. Florida
FindingActed without consent jurisdiction. Froze all discovery Jan 8, 2025. Issued R&R recommending dismissal. No specific designation order on docket.
Clerk of Court · U.S. District Court · Middle District of Florida · Federal Court Administration
By what authority?
Federal clerks of court are Article III administrative officers — oath-bound, non-FOIA, and the gatekeepers of the very records at issue. The refusal to produce an oath under Nixon v. Warner Communications (1978) is itself a documented administrative act.
See the record →
Elizabeth M. Warren
Federal clerks of court are Article III administrative officers — oath-bound, non-FOIA, and the gatekeepers of the very records at issue. The refusal to produce an oath under Nixon v. Warner Communications (1978) is itself a documented administrative act.
RoleClerk of Court · U.S. District Court · M.D. Florida · 401 W. Central Blvd., Suite 2100, Orlando FL 32801
Oath RequestRequested: Judge Mendoza's executed oath — March 26, 2026. USPS Certified Mail sent March 27, 2026. Tracking: 9589 0710 5270 2611 2000 36.
ResponseDeclined — cited FOIA exemption. Would not entertain future requests. Follow-up letter sent. No response received.
Reappointment RoleNamed as submission recipient for Magistrate Price's reappointment comments (Florida Bar Notice, March 18, 2026). Panel recommendation due June 16, 2026.
Financial DisclosureForm AO 10A submitted — requesting annual reports 2020–2024. Judicial employees do not appear in pub.jefs.uscourts.gov online database; paper request required per Ethics in Government Act.
You are invited to find any man or woman in Florida or any other State who has a legitimate Oath of Office that is compliant with 1 Stat. 23.
Independent journalist Greg Reese documented attorney Todd Callender's FOIA findings — revealing that not a single member of the existing federal cabinet has a valid oath of office as required by 5 U.S.C. § 3332.
Video Report · The Reese Report
No Oaths of Office in the Federal Government
Greg Reese · April 9, 2024 · "Enemies destroying US government from within"
📋 Key Finding
On January 10th, 1963, forty-five communist goals were submitted to the Congressional record by Rep. A. S. Herlong Jr. (D-FL) under unanimous consent. Goal #13: "Do away with loyalty oaths." The Reese report documents how every cabinet department returned the same pattern: oaths nonexistent, incomplete, unnotarized, or fraudulent — including "SO HELP ME GOD" in all capitals, a material deviation from the constitutional text.
The Callender / McGee Federal Quo Warranto Petition
Filed April 12, 2023 · U.S. Attorney · District of Columbia
⚖ Federal Petition — Summary
Attorneys Todd S. Callender and Kenneth W. Ferguson filed a Petition for Writ of Quo Warranto demanding 16 of the highest-ranking appointed U.S. federal officials — including the Vice President — produce valid, signed, notarized Oath of Office affidavits per 5 U.S.C. § 3332. Not one complied.
JY
Janet Yellen
Former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Janet Yellen
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of the Treasury
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
PB
Pete Buttigieg
Former U.S. Secretary of Transportation · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Pete Buttigieg
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Transportation
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
JG
Jennifer Granholm
Former U.S. Secretary of Energy · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Jennifer Granholm
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Energy
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
RW
Rochelle Walensky
Former Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Rochelle Walensky
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleCDC Director
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
XB
Xavier Becerra
Former U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Xavier Becerra
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of HHS
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
AB
Antony Blinken
Former U.S. Secretary of State · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Antony Blinken
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of State
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
AM
Alejandro Mayorkas
Former U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Alejandro Mayorkas
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Homeland Security
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
DM
Dr. Miguel Cardona
Former U.S. Secretary of Education · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
See the record →
Dr. Miguel Cardona
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Education
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
GR
Gina Raimondo
Former U.S. Secretary of Commerce · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Gina Raimondo
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Commerce
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
MG
Merrick Garland
Former U.S. Attorney General · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Merrick Garland
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Attorney General
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
RC
Robert Califf M.D.
Former Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Robert Califf M.D.
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleFDA Commissioner
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
JW
Janet Woodcock
Former Principal Deputy Commissioner, FDA · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Janet Woodcock
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleFDA Principal Deputy Commissioner
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
MW
Marty Walsh
Former U.S. Secretary of Labor (Jan 2021 – Mar 2023) · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Marty Walsh
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Labor
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
JS
Julie Su
Former Acting U.S. Secretary of Labor (2023–2025) · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Julie Su
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleDeputy Secretary of Labor
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
LA
Lloyd Austin III
Former U.S. Secretary of Defense · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Lloyd Austin III
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleU.S. Secretary of Defense
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
KH
Kamala Harris
Former Vice President of the United States · Federal Official
By what authority?
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
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Kamala Harris
Federal oath records are exempt from FOIA. This office is named in the oath hierarchy that Florida judicial oaths reference.
RoleVice President of the United States
Oath StatusFederal oath on file · Not verified as 1 Stat. 23 compliant
No Oath / No Response Defective Oath Produced5 U.S.C. § 3332 — All required to file signed, notarized oath within 30 days of appointment
🔴 Confirmed FOIA Evidence — What the Government's Own Letters Say
NO OATH EXISTS — Written Confirmation
Janet Yellen — Treasury: "A search is not expected to locate the records you requested because Secretary Janet Yellen...did not sign an Oath of Office."
Pete Buttigieg — DOT: "Please note that there is not a signed paper copy of the oath of office that Secretary Buttigieg took upon taking office." A YouTube link was offered as a substitute.
DEFECTIVE OATH PRODUCED
Rochelle Walensky — Oath produced; fails to specify position; not notarized or properly sworn.
Merrick Garland — Oath produced; does not specify date of appointment; not notarized or sworn.
Lloyd Austin III — Oath produced; not properly notarized or sworn.
The 5 U.S.C. § 3332 Affidavit — The Question Never Asked
Beyond the oath itself, 5 U.S.C. § 3332 requires every federal officer to file an affidavit within 30 days of appointment
attesting that "neither he nor anyone acting in his behalf has given, transferred, promised, or paid
any consideration for or in the expectation or hope of receiving assistance in securing the appointment."
Not one of the 16 officials named in this petition produced this affidavit.
In the absence of this affidavit, the question of whether these appointments were commercially transacted —
whether consideration was exchanged — remains legally open.
This is not merely a compliance failure. It is a constitutional silence with no answer.
When Every Level of Government Fails Its Oath, Who Does It Actually Serve?
Level I
County & Circuit Court
Florida's 18th Judicial Circuit — 44 individuals declared themselves judges of the County Courts, Circuit Courts, District Courts of Appeal, and Supreme Court of Florida without the Oath required by 1 Stat. 23. D-U-N-S registered courts. Undisclosed Key Principals. IOLTA trust accounts under the Bar Foundation's EIN. Every proceeding: a commercial transaction disguised as justice.
Their official acts — every warrant, order, conviction, and sentence — are void from inception under Norton v. Shelby County (1886).
Level II
State & Federal AG
Florida Attorney General's Office — Three confirmed Assistant AGs, including the Senior AAG, with no oath on file with the Florida Department of State. The officials charged with enforcing the law operate without lawful authority to do so.
Federal Cabinet — Yellen: no oath. Buttigieg: no oath. Garland: defective. Austin: defective. Harris: no response. The officials prosecuting federal law, administering Treasury, commanding Defense, and overseeing Health have not sworn — or cannot prove they have sworn — to protect the Constitution.
Level III
Commercial Structure
Beneath the visible apparatus of government lies a documented commercial framework:
Courts registered as federal contractors (CAGE codes, SAM.gov, NAICS 922110).
Cases securitized as bonds (GSA SF-24/25/25A) and routed through CRIS into the Federal Reserve.
CUSIP numbers assigned by the American Bankers Association.
Bonds pooled as Mortgage-Backed Securities, sold to the Bond Market Association (TBA),
traded through DTCC at 55 Water Street — and then internationally through CINS, ANNA in Brussels,
and exchanges in Frankfurt and Berlin.
Every conviction, every fine, every court order — a commercial instrument in a system that profits
from its operation regardless of guilt or innocence.
Level IV
International Finance
At the apex of this structure sit the international financial institutions:
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basel, Switzerland — the central bank of central banks.
The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) at 55 Water Street, New York — through which
one trillion dollars in securities clears daily.
The UNCITRAL Convention framework (adopted by the U.S. December 8, 1988) under which all
international commercial instruments now operate, superseding domestic law.
International insurance reinsurance companies certified by the Treasury to buy court bonds.
These entities have no constitutional relationship with the American People whatsoever.
They answer to no voter, to no elected body, to no constitutional oath.
And the commercial proceeds of every court case in the United States flow upward through this chain — ultimately to them.
Where Does the Fraud End?
The oath failure is not a coincidence and it is not administrative carelessness.
When the same defect — missing, defective, or unnotarized oaths — appears simultaneously
at the county circuit court level, at the state attorney general level, and at the federal cabinet level,
the pattern suggests something more systemic than oversight.
Under the Clearfield Doctrine, a government that uses commercial paper descends to the level
of a private corporation and loses its constitutional protections. Under the Talmudical Law of Agency,
an undisclosed principal operating through an agent without disclosure is no principal at all.
Under the Statute Merchant framework — unchanged since Edward I (1283) — the court is a commercial
bond mechanism. Under 5 U.S.C. § 3332, the question of whether appointments were "purchased"
is open for every official who cannot produce the affidavit.
The People's Writ of Quo Warranto — served upon 44 judicial officers in Florida's 18th Judicial Circuit, plus the Florida House of Representatives Judiciary Committee and the Office of State Courts Administrator (45 total recipients) —
and the Callender/McGee Federal Petition — served upon 16 cabinet-level officials in Washington, D.C. —
are not isolated legal actions. They are two data points in a documented, cross-jurisdictional pattern:
an apparatus of law enforcement and adjudication that cannot demonstrate it holds lawful
constitutional authority to compel anyone to do anything.
That is not a theory. That is what the government's own correspondence confirms.
Quo Warranto — By What Authority?
The Writ of Quo Warranto ("by what authority?") is one of the oldest constitutional remedies in
the common law tradition — older than the American republic itself.
It is the instrument by which the People may demand that any person exercising public authority
demonstrate the lawful source of that authority — or step aside.
Where the commercial system has no answer to that demand, where the oath is absent,
where the affidavit was never filed, where the FOIA produces silence or a YouTube link —
the Writ stands as the only remaining constitutional question the system cannot simply ignore.
The answer to that question — at every level, in every jurisdiction — is the same document
the government cannot produce.
Relevant Statutes & Legal Authorities
Constitutional · Federal · Florida State
Constitutional Oath · 1789
1 Stat. 23 — First Act of Congress
The de jure Oath required of all officials: "I will support the Constitution of the United States." Still in full force and effect. None of the state or federal officials on this page comply with this standard.
The oath taken by every federal judge — enacted 1948, amended 1990. Does not contain "I will support the Constitution." The Middle District of Florida's own website confirms this is the oath in use for every federal judge in Florida.
Every state officer — including all 20 elected State Attorneys — must take an official oath before entering upon their duties. This is the constitutional mandate that makes the de facto oath issue applicable to the entire Florida executive and prosecutorial apparatus.
Florida law requires that the oath of office be notarized. A de facto oath that is not properly notarized, or a de jure oath that is properly notarized but uses corporate-government language, both fail this standard.
Every Assistant State Attorney must subscribe to a written oath, record it with the circuit court clerk, then have the appointing State Attorney transmit a certified copy to the Secretary of State. Missing either step is a violation of this section.
"United States means (A) a Federal corporation." — Public Law 101-647, Nov. 29, 1990. The State of Florida (EIN 59-6001874, D-U-N-S 004078374) is similarly a corporate entity. Oaths pledging loyalty to these entities are oaths to corporations, not to the Constitution.
Primary Law · Civil Rights Act of 1866 · 14 Stat. 27
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 — Color of Law Violations Are Federal Crimes
“Any person who, under color of any law… shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabitant
of any State or Territory to the deprivation of any right secured or protected by this act…
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.”
Section 2 · Civil Rights Act of 1866 · 39th Congress · April 9, 1866
Enacted under the authority of the 13th Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 declares all
persons born in the United States to be citizens with equal rights — and makes it a federal crime
for anyone acting under color of law to deprive any person of those rights.
This is the direct statutory predecessor of 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Every officer on this page who acts without a valid oath and bond — who presents himself as
lawfully authorized when he is not — acts under color of law within the meaning of this Act.
A federal crime: whoever under color of law deprives any person of constitutional rights. All officials on this page — operating under de facto oaths while exercising official powers — are alleged to act under color of law.
Attorneys whose BAR membership creates an allegiance to a foreign-rooted institution — subject to the Inns of Court in England — raise questions under the Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA). All attorney-officials on this page hold this dual allegiance, creating constitutional concerns about foreign loyalty in public office.